Dedicated SBC Camera Monitor
This is a guide for setting up a dedicated computer (core 2 duo or newer) or SBC (RPI recommended) to view all streams at once. I run this with about 28 streams with live montage of some reasonable slow but usable FPS on a mid-late 2000's used desktop. RPI's would probably only be able to run less streams, maybe 10-15.
This page is a WIP. It was tested on Debian 8/9. This guide has some other tips in Dedicated_RPI_Camera_Monitor and Desktop_SBC_Camera_Monitor. These pages will be incorporated into one page as time permits. There are other ways to do this. You can also have ZMNinja on a dedicated client per http://zoneminder.blogspot.com/p/odroid.html
Setup
Installation
Requirements
- >8GB HDD / SD
- SBC (RPI4 or equivalent) / old pc (core 2 duo or newer)
- Internet connection
- Computer monitor
This guide used to cover install steps for a BBB, but that will be kept in the history. This guide will now just cover general desktop setup steps.
OS
Install debian without X/Wayland. Install only SSH and the file system utilities from the ISO wizard.
Install dwm from scratch or from the repos (scratch is easier for editing the config file).
apt-get install firefox-esr
Auto Start Computer
The first thing we want to do, is get it so the computer will start without user interaction.
Edit .xinitrc, /etc/rc.local, /etc/inittab, and .bash_profile to auto startx without requiring a login, load the browser (firefox, chromium, or surf) with the path of the zm server monitor feed, and disable the screensaver.
Added to /etc/inittab (comment out existing, and add this below. Replace username with your new user):
1:2345:respawn:/bin/login -f USERNAME tty1 </dev/tty1 >/dev/tty1 2>&1
Copy /etc/profile to user that will be auto logging in:
cp /etc/profile /home/USERNAME/.bash_profile
Appended to /home/USERNAME/.bash_profile :
exec startx
Browsers
When startx loads, it will pull settings from ~/.xinitrc for USERNAME so edit that (note that .xinitrc requires & after all commands that are not the final wm).
#!/bin/bash /usr/local/bin/surf "localhost/zm/cgi-bin/nph-zms??mode=jpeg&monitor=1&scale=100&maxfps=5&buffer=1000&user=user&pass=pass" & exec dwm
or firefox might look something like:
#!/bin/bash /usr/bin/firefox & exec dwm
or the path for chromium might be:
#!/bin/bash chromium-browser --home-page http://127.0.0.1/resource --no-sandbox --window-size=1920,1280 --start-fullscreen --test-type exec dwm
Note that only firefox can view more than 6 streams at once, and requires a switch in about:config to do this (see tips section).
Users & Screensaver
Add an additional user beside the one used for the auto login, otherwise ssh will fail. ssh will try to startx when it loads, and it won't be able to. Add USERNAME2 permissions to sudoers.
# adduser USERNAME2 nano /etc/sudoers
Disable screensaver for the first USERNAME per Arch Wiki: Display Power Management Signaling
nano /home/USERNAME/.xinitrc export DISPLAY=:0 & xset s off & xset -dpms &
These go before the other commands in .xinitrc, as they have the & symbol. The total .xinitrc will be something like:
#!/bin/bash export DISPLAY=:0 & xset s off & xset -dpms & <browser command here> exec dwm
Note: When troubleshooting xset. You must be the same user that is running X (ssh in as different user, then su to user). And, you must export DISPLAY to :0 or similar. Finally xset q should query the current settings.
Fine Tuning
At this point, you should be able to boot the SBC or desktop and receive a video feed without user interaction. All the users have to do is press the power button.
Choosing the proper page to view on the browser
See External Live Stream. I currently use the API version, where you host the page on the ZM server. It's easier to manage multiple machines pointing to one server than to manage each machines self hosted page.
Refresh Screen Periodically
You will want to have the web browser refresh every few minutes. Otherwise, if the feed drops out, it will not return unless you reboot. The way I accomplished this was:
Install xdotool
# apt-get install xdotool
Edit surf config.h and add the following to the keybindings section, then make and make install.
{ 0, GDK_F5, reload, { .b = FALSE } },
Add to /etc/crontab
DISPLAY=:0 */5 * * * * username /usr/bin/xdotool key F5
To make sure this works, with the browser watching a camera stream, restart apache2 on the ZM server, and the browser feed will freeze. A successful F5 from xdotool will refresh the screen, as long as surf has a keybinding for it.
Accessing headless X via VNC
In the case that you have a headless device (no monitor attached) yet X is running, here's some tips for accessing the desktop via VNC.
sudo apt-get install xserver-xorg-legacy add: allowed-users:anybody in /etc/X11/Xwrapper.config apt-get install x11vnc
Final command may be something like
ssh -L 5900:localhost:5900 user@pineboard x11vnc -safer -localhost -nopw -once -auth /tmp/serverauth* -display :0
If you are doing headless on vnc, get rid of startx on bash profile and just run it manually.
Test x11vnc with
x11vnc -display :0
But none of the other flags to start. When in doubt, break the commands down to make troubleshooting easier.
Tips
- dd or clonezilla the disc to an img to deploy in multiple places .
- When troubleshooting any streams that flicker, try to downscale the video, per External Live Stream for clients. I.e. include the stream=50 or some percentage lower than 100 in the ZM path.
- On an SBC a counterfeit SD card could be the cause. A counterfeit or non name brand SD may take one day, what takes 2 hours to do with a name brand card.
- It's possible to lock down the keyboard. I don't have the need, but you can make a reasonably secure kiosk. Look online.
- Firefox starts in workspace 9, so you might have to change over to it in dwm upon boot. You can remove all workspaces except for #1, and then ff will boot by default
- For viewing more than 6 monitors, you may need to use firefox. See Dummies Guide - Notes
- To start firefox in full screen mode: The best add-on for this I've found is mFull. It can be configured to load full screen, and to remove or autohide the toolbars and navigation bar. There is also RKiosk but this disables all keys and is not needed in my scenario. I've seen some strange behavior with this plugin. On some machines it works and on other machines it will not work. Note that mFull was used in Firefox 52 or earlier.
- To shutdown, use crontab.
# nano /etc/crontab 00 18 * * * root /sbin/poweroff
The problem is you need full path to poweroff or shutdown -h now. If you are on a separate lan, you may need to use ntp and query some local ntp server, if RTC is off.
See Also
- Alpine Linux Version - The above guide was adapted for digital signage on an RPI4
